

Given the multitude of underlying causes, a personalized approach is required. Electronic address: management of medication nonadherence of patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains challenging. 5 Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, The Netherlands Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Medication Adherence Expertise Center of the northern Netherlands, Groningen, The Netherlands.4 Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, The Netherlands General Practitioners Research Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute, Singapore.3 Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.2 Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, The Netherlands Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands Department of General Practice and Elderly Care Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.1 Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, The Netherlands General Practitioners Research Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands.
